
Timeline 1689: A Bill of Rights determined the future succession to the throne and in February William of Orange (William III) was invited to rule jointly with his wife Mary II, who was James II's heir to the throne. They were first cousins both grandchildren of Charles I. It was the only double coronation in English history and took place on 11th April at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex. This alliance was known as the House of Orange and Stuart. 1694: Queen Mary II died suddenly on 28th December at Kensington Palace from smallpox, leaving William III to rule alone. She was buried at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex. 1695: The discovery of a failed plot to assassinate William III, on 15th February. 1701: James II died in exile in St. Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France on 6th September and was buried there. 1702: William III died at Kensington Palace as a result of a hunting accident when he was thrown from a horse on 8th March and was buried at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex. He was without an heir and his sister-in-law Anne, who was the second daughter of James II, succeeded him and was crowned Queen of England. The coronation took place at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex on 23rd April. An Act of Settlement settled the correct line of succession to the English throne to be Sophia of Hanover, who died at this very time and her son, George I was named next in line to the title of England after Queen Anne. She was the last of the Stuarts on the English throne. 1707: The Union Jack was adopted as the national flag with the union between England and Scotland under the name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. |
Anne's
second marriage was to: Anne Bayntun was
born in 1689 at Spye Park House,
in the county of Wiltshire. She was just 2 years old when his father,
Henry Bayntun, died on 11th July 1691 at
the age of 27. Henry
Bayntun's sudden death meant that Anne and her brother John (aged
3) were placed under the guardianship of Mr. Walter Grubbe Esq. of Eastwell
House, Potterne, M.P. for Devizes. Following the death
of their mother in 1703, Mr. Grubbe, as guardian of these friendless
children, took them under his charge and they were brought up at Eastwell,
where the accounts for their clothing and education are still preserved. In 1708 Anne Bayntun
married Edward Rolt of Sacombe Park and moved into the family house
at Sacombe Park, in Hertfordshire. The Rolt estate was worth a considerable
amount of money, as Edward Rolt's father Sir Thomas Rolt (1632-1710)
made his fortune with the East India Company, spending some 20
years as the Company's representative in Persia and eventually becoming
President of the East India Company and Governor of Bombay
i.e: the Chief Representative of the company at Madras. With
this wealth built up from his career, Sir Thomas purchased the medieval
house and estate of Sacombe Park in Hertfordshire in 1688. Edward Rolt's
grandmother was a cousin of Oliver Cromwell.
By
1715, Ann, her brother John Bayntun and her husband Edward Rolt had
drawn up an agreement which would ensure that the younger members of
the Rolt family would be financially secure, once they reached their
respective ages of 21. It was agreed that
each son would receive £2,000 and £3,000 for every daughter,
and in the event of their being only one daughter, she would receive
£6,000. The money was to be raised either from a mortgage or sale
of part of the Bayntun estates. Edward and Thomas Rolt were excluded
from this Indenture as both would be sufficiently provided for, being
named heirs to the Bayntun and Rolt estates respectively. However in 1716
John Bayntun died at the age of 28 and Anne was named heiress to the
Bayntun estate with her second son, Edward Rolt as was customary
in this situation named Lord of the Manor of Bromham at just
6 years of age. Edward intended
to build a new house with beautiful raised walks and vistas through
the woods, an amphitheatre and deer park. His designs were drawn up
but the building of the proposed house was never started. The plans
for the grounds incorporated a canal or basin of 10 or 12 acres to
be filled either from a stream a mile off, or a spring which was above
the level of the canal. The gardens however were completed by Vanbrugh's
protege and associate Charles Bridgeman and led through blocks of
woodland below the house to the long canal and ponds. It is said the
finished landscape bore a strong resemblance to the gardens of Blenheim
and Bridgeman received payments totalling £654 from Edward Rolt
for this work. James, the 13th Lord Somerville of Scotland first came to England in 1721 at the age of 23 for the purpose of prosecuting his claim to the Barony of Somerville which he established in 1723. His family had been settled in Scotland for six centuries and during his time in Wiltshire, he became acquainted with the widow, Anne Rolt.
In a letter
from Bath, the English poet and dramatist, John Gay (1685 - 1732)
mentions this wedding. He writes: "The talk of Bath is the
marriage of Lord Somerville and Mrs Rolt. She left Bath yesterday.
He continues here but is to go away today or tomorrow, but as opinions
differ I cannot decide whether they are married or not".
James,
the 13th Lord Somerville was 24th in direct male line to Sir Gualter,
the First Lord of Whichenour and was 26 years old at the time of the
marriage. Ann Rolt was 35 years of age. Between 1726 and 1734, he
built the elegant House of Drum - a fine Palladian mansion in the
Glenmerton District, on the outskirts of Edinburgh. They had two more
children, James and Hugh, born in Scotland. Between the years
1689 and 1734, deeds for the Enmore estate, or Manor of Enmore, saw
many name changes to leases, as the various members of the Bayntun
family inherited the property. In 1689 Henry Bayntun is mentioned
in a lease involving a cottage held of the Manor of Enmore. In 1705,
his son and heir, John Bayntun (then aged 17 years), is named alongside
his guardian, Walter Grubbe of Potterne, Wiltshire. By 1714, John
is listed as the owner of the Manor in another lease, but two years
later he died and his sister, Anne and her husband Edward Rolt of
Sacombe Park, Hertfordshire are listed in a reversionary lease dated
1716. It is clear from this deed that Anne inherited the Manor of
Enmore after John's death and a further reversionary lease in 1730
lists she and her second husband as The Honourable Lord and Lady Somerville.
But by 1734 Anne had also died and her son, Edward Rolt would receive
the remainder of the Bayntun estates, including the Manor of Enmore,
as was laid down by his uncle John's will. As a result
of the above mentioned 1715 Indenture, or agreement, in 1739, John,
Henry and Wilmot Rolt each received £2,000, plus the rate of
5 per cent per annum for every year since reaching their respective
ages of 21. The same rate of interest applied to Elizabeth, who received
£6,000 as her only sister, Anna-Maria, died very young
in 1923. At this time
however all three parties to the Indenture of 1715 were deceased and
Edward Bayntun-Rolt, their successor, was named executor and he sold
and leased part of the Bayntun estates to raise the necessary money
to honour the deed heard in the High Court of Chancery. His elder brother,
Thomas, was financially secure at this time and was still living at
Sacombe Park, having enlarged the park and stocked it with deer. But
by 1752 he had leased the manor and eventually drank himself to death
in 1754. |